第一，整体思维和系统认知分析技术是实现农业科技突破的首要前提。First, holistic thinking and system cognitive analysis technology are the primary prerequisites for achieving breakthroughs in agricultural science and technology.

农业系统是复杂巨系统，已经很难再依靠“点”上的技术突破实现整体提升。报告建议将跨学科研究和系统方法作为解决重大关键问题的首选项。系统认知就是要从系统的要素构成、互作机理和耦合作用来探索问题解决的途径。“山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体”，农业领域的科学突破必须突破单要素思维，从资源利用、运作效率、系统弹性和可持续性的整体维度进行思考。我国农业生态效率不高、竞争力不强、生态不可持续的问题主要是在土地资源的利用方式上。因此，农业领域的科技突破需要从土地资源的治理、修复、提升入手。

第二，新一代传感器技术将成为推动农业领域进步的底层驱动技术。

Quantity defines the world, and precision determines the future. The United States regards the development and application of high-precision, accurate, and field-deployable sensors and biosensors as the key to future technological breakthroughs. At present, sensor technology has been widely used in the agricultural field, but it is mainly focused on the measurement of single characteristics such as temperature. If you want to understand the mechanism of the operation of the entire system at the same time, the ability to continuously monitor the linkage of multiple characteristics is the key. It is worth noting that the new generation of sensor technology not only includes the monitoring and integration of physical environment and biological traits, but also includes new nano and biosensors created by materials science, microelectronics, and nanotechnology to monitor the cyclic movement of water molecules, pathogens, and microorganisms across soil, plants, and the environment. The rapid detection, continuous monitoring, and real-time feedback capabilities of the new generation of sensors will provide a data basis for system cognition and give humans the ability to "prevent and treat diseases before they occur", that is, to discover and solve problems before symptoms occur. If we can accurately discover and quantitatively identify possible risk problems in the utilization of resource elements, and can optimize and adjust them in real time, it will completely change the way my country's agricultural production and utilization methods are used. Therefore, the new generation of sensor technology will be a key technology that my country must master.

Third, data science and information technology are strategic key technologies in the agricultural field.

Advances in data science and analytical tools provide important breakthrough opportunities for improving research and knowledge application in the agricultural field. The report said that although a large amount of data on food, agriculture, resources, etc. has been collected, the data in laboratory research and production practice have been disconnected from each other, and there is a lack of effective tools to widely use existing data, knowledge and models. The development of technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain provides the ability to collect, analyze, store, share and integrate heterogeneous data more quickly and advanced analytical methods. In other words, data science and information technology can greatly improve the ability to solve complex problems, apply a large number of research results in related fields such as agriculture and resources to production practice, automatically integrate data and perform real-time modeling under dynamically changing conditions, and promote the formation of data-driven intelligent management and control.

Fourth, breakthrough genomics and precision breeding technologies should be encouraged and adopted.

With the emergence of gene editing technology, targeted genetic improvement can improve plants and animals in ways that traditional methods cannot achieve. By incorporating genomic information, advanced breeding technologies, and precision breeding methods into routine breeding and selection programs, biological traits that have a significant impact on agricultural productivity and agricultural product quality can be accurately and rapidly improved. This capability opens the door to technologies such as breeding new crops and soil microorganisms, developing disease-resistant plants and animals, controlling biological responses to stress, and mining biodiversity for useful genes. Some of these breakthrough technologies should be encouraged and adopted to improve agricultural productivity, disease and drought resistance, and the nutritional value of agricultural products.

Fifth, microbiome technology is essential for understanding and understanding the operation of agricultural systems.

Through a large number of research reports in recent years, we know the importance of human microorganisms to physical health, but in comparison, we do not know enough about the microbiomes of soil, plants, and animals in agriculture and their impacts. With the use of increasingly sophisticated tools to detect agricultural microbiomes, the United States is expected to achieve breakthroughs in the next decade, establish its agricultural microbial database, better understand the interactions between soil, plant, and animal microbiomes at the molecular level, and enhance agricultural productivity and resilience by improving soil structure, improving feed efficiency and nutrient utilization, and improving resistance to the environment and diseases, and even completely changing agriculture. Among them, the characterization of the interaction between soil and plant microbiomes is crucial. The soil microbiome is closely related to the cycle of carbon, nitrogen and many other elements in climate change, and affects the global key ecosystem service functions through some processes that have not yet been recognized by humans. Deepening the understanding of basic microbial components and strengthening their role in nutrient cycling is essential to ensure global sustainable agricultural production.

In the next decade, the United States will seek scientific and technological breakthroughs in the field of agriculture around five key technologies: system cognitive analysis, precise dynamic perception, data science, gene editing, and microbiome. This is also a key core technology that must be worked on and indispensable in my country's agricultural field in the future. At the same time, based on my country's national conditions of thin land and poor quality resources, Chinese scientists also need to make breakthroughs in several important areas that subvert the present, lead the future, and create an era, in major scientific issues of the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, and in land resource security and control of modern engineering technology problems. Focusing on the scientific and technological system of precise investigation, fine perception, and smart governance, we have made breakthroughs in some key core technologies, such as big data on farmland quality, farmland health diagnosis technology, ecological farmland construction technology, soil biodiversity protection and farmland maintenance technology, and farmland system evolution simulation technology; we have restored and managed some key areas, such as the overall protection of black soil, the restoration of the Yellow River Basin system, and the comprehensive management of saline-alkali land and sandy land; we have gone all out in major national development needs, such as global change and low-carbon farming system research, and smart monitoring of farmland resources. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industry is reshaping the global innovation landscape. It is necessary to plan a roadmap for future technological development, clarify the main direction of innovation, and determine that farmland resources are an indispensable part.

Reposted from the "Facility Agriculture Information Public Account"